How do ACE inhibitors function in the body?

ACE inhibitors function by inhibiting the angiotensin-converting enzyme, leading to vasodilation. This mechanism is crucial for their role in managing conditions such as hypertension and heart failure. When ACE is inhibited, the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II is blocked. Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor that also stimulates the release of aldosterone, which promotes sodium and water retention. By preventing the formation of angiotensin II, ACE inhibitors reduce vascular resistance, lower blood pressure, and decrease the workload on the heart.

The vasodilation caused by ACE inhibitors helps improve blood flow and can alleviate symptoms associated with heart failure, making them an essential class of medication in cardiovascular therapy. Their action not only lowers blood pressure but also provides protective effects on the heart and kidneys, particularly in patients with conditions like diabetes or chronic kidney disease.