In which condition would a patient experience significant pain with internal rotation of the shoulder?

In the context of shoulder conditions, significant pain during internal rotation is typically associated with sub-acromial impingement syndrome. This condition involves the compression of the rotator cuff tendons and the sub-acromial bursa beneath the acromion process of the scapula during arm movement. Internal rotation often exacerbates this compression because of the anatomical positioning of the shoulder joint and surrounding structures. As the arm rotates internally, it can further irritate the tendons and bursa in the sub-acromial space, leading to pain and discomfort.

Moreover, sub-acromial impingement syndrome can limit the range of motion and function in individuals affected, reinforcing the association between internal rotation and increased pain. Addressing the underlying issues through appropriate physical therapy or interventions is crucial for managing symptoms and restoring function in individuals affected by this condition.