What are the physiological effects of glucocorticoids?

The chosen answer is accurate because glucocorticoids are a class of steroid hormones that have significant anti-inflammatory effects and play a crucial role in glucose metabolism. Glucocorticoids, such as cortisol, are released in response to stress and help regulate various bodily functions. Their anti-inflammatory properties inhibit the activation of the immune system, which is beneficial in treating conditions characterized by excessive inflammation, such as autoimmune diseases or allergies.

In terms of glucose metabolism, glucocorticoids promote gluconeogenesis, which is the production of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, primarily in the liver. They result in increased blood glucose levels, providing the necessary energy for the body to respond to stressors. Additionally, glucocorticoids contribute to the regulation of fat and protein metabolism.

The other options do not accurately describe the physiological effects of glucocorticoids. While glucocorticoids can influence muscle mass, they do not directly promote muscle growth; rather, chronic exposure can lead to muscle wasting. Furthermore, they can negatively impact bone density over time, leading to conditions like osteoporosis, which contrasts with the notion of primarily enhancing bone density. Lastly, glucocorticoids do affect the immune response by suppressing it, contrary